beat3652019年度春季學期學術系列講座之十
題目：Becoming what you smell: adaptive sensing in the olfactory system
演講人：Vijay Balasubramanian, PhD
Cathy and Marc Lasry Professor of Physics
Director, Computational Neuroscience Initiative
Associate Professor of Neuroscience
University of Pennsylvania
時間：2019年5月17日（星期五），13:00-14:30
地點：金光生命科學大樓鄧祐才報告廳
聯系人：挑戰班本科生李倩怡，aria.lea@pku.edu.cn
摘要：
I will argue that the circuit architecture of the early olfactory system provides an adaptive, efficient mechanism for compressing the vast space of odor mixtures into the responses of a small number of sensors.  In this view, the olfactory sensory repertoire employs a disordered code to compress a high dimensional olfactory space into a low dimensional receptor response space while preserving distance relations between odors.  The resulting representation is dynamically adapted to efficiently encode the changing environment of volatile molecules.  I will show that this adaptive combinatorial code can be efficiently decoded by systematically eliminating candidate odorants that bind to silent receptors.  The resulting algorithm for "estimation by elimination" can be implemented by a neural network that is remarkably similar to the early olfactory pathway in the brain.  The theory predicts a relation between the diversity of olfactory receptors and the sparsity of their responses that matches animals from flies to humans.   It also predicts specific deficits in olfactory behavior that should result from optogenetic manipulation of the olfactory bulb.
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